The Protestant Reformation in England

The slope and their leaders came in concert by uniting against internal dissension and outside interference. Among the external interlopers was the pope. Even prior to the Reformation, the church service in England had taken an indie course with regard to means. Cardinal Thomas Wolsey stood at the round top of the Church in England. He was the head representative of the Church in England and efficaciously led the religious. But he was in addition an appointee of the King, who could recall him at all time. This meant that the King effectively controlled the Church in England and could affect its direction (Bainton, Reformation, 184).

The tremendous freedom of the English Church was not a enigma for capital of Italy until the Vatican fell under the control of Spain. Charles V of Spain, the Holy papistical Emperor, sacked Rome in 1527 during his war against the French tabby and thereafter controlled the Vatican. This could only lead to betrothal between the Vatican and England everywhere issues involving Spain. Under the spell of its new nationalistic mood, it was natural for the English to resist anything resembling Spanish operate being exerted through the Vatican. As it stood, there was little for the English to fear from the Spanish because England already curtailed foreign judicial and encroachments (Bainton, Reformation, 184-85; Scarisbrick 198-202).

The triggering event was the attempt by atomic number 1 VIII to annul his marriage to Katherine of Aragon, who had not born h

Scarisbrick, J. J. Henry VIII. Berkeley: U. of California P, 1968.

Henry's major problem was with the clergy of the Church of England. Although Cardinal Wolsey was beholden to Henry, he was also a Cardinal in the Roman hierarchy. Henry therefore took no chances and deposed Wolsey. Henry coordinated his actions so that time passed between each, allowing any shock to be absorbed. He then accused the clergy of violating the principle of "praemunire," which prohibited appeals to Rome without the assume of the king. Their violation was in recognizing Wolsey as the pope's legate. In response, the clergy agreed to forego the right of legislation without the consent of the king.

Henry then obtained the authority to be given authority to cut off papal annates at his own circumspection (Bainton, Reformation, 190; Scarisbrick 329-48).

Wesley, John. "A Plain Account of the People Called Methodists." In The Past Speaks Since 1688 (Walter L. Arnstein, ed.): 94-96. Lexington: D.C. Heath, 1981.

The main rival to the ascendancy of Anglicanism in England was Calvinism. natural in Switzerland, Calvinism was much more radical in its dislocation with Rome than even Lutheranism. As noted above, it gained some influence during the protectorate of the Duke of Northumberland. However, it took deepest root in Scotland. Scotland was unabashedly Catholic during Henry's chance on with Rome and its entrenched Catholicism placed it in conflict with England. The disorders of the English Reformation during Edward's reign however, made the Scots amenable to the evangelical sermons of Calvinist preachers, particularly John Knox. The reign of flaming(a) bloody shame firmly cemented the religious authority of Knox in Scotland. When Mary attempted to take refuge in Scotland after her failed reign, she was quickly forced to abandon any plans of ruling in that country. The leap out of the Presbyterian form of Calvinism in Scotland finally brought about the unification with England (Bainton, Reformation, 17
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