Cathlicism

4)In proliferation of b booths , a stem cell interacts with the stroma cells in the rise marrow. Cytokines from non lymphoid cell signals promotion of cell survival and leaven proliferation early in the b cell linage. Chromosome 14 codes for the obese chain rearranges from the germ line. A d- J segments rearranges and join to undertakeher forming dj unit at pro b stage. Makers such(prenominal) as cd 19 cd10 are place on cell to ensure maturation and proliferation. The cell differentiates from Pro b to Pre B cell. A second rearrangement fade involving v region. The v joins to the dj forming vdj segment for the slow chain. A second chromosome is rearranged forming the U chain. The pre b cell is now associated with surrogate light and U chains in conjunction with a ig a ig b complex known as pre BCR. Ig a igb help cell to transmit messages to the nucleus. The pre cell and so proliferates into a immature B cell. Cd10 is drop an cd 20 is Kapp found on chromosome 2 and gamma found chromosome 22 rearranged, transcribed, spliced and translated to form a light chain. Allelic exclusion come ups twain laboured and light chain form either immunoglobulin M or igd. A thymus dependent reaction happen for elucidate switching, cytokines like inf y and il-5 are produce by t help cell. A second rearrangement takes place for the heavy chain.



Class switching recombination happens, the unremitting region genes has s region. The cytokine stimulates constant mu and epsilon to be synthesis b cell then class switch primary rna is transcribe splice occur n a heavy gamma chain do forming an igg.
5) cd20 is molecule that found on the surface of immature b cell. It function is to bring calcium in the cell. Calcuim is need for the activation of transcription factors for immunoglobins genes AP-1. If anti 20 molecules binds to it this mean that the second rearrangement of the heavy chain cannot occur resulting in anergy or apoptosis because the cell will cannot mature when expose to antigen.

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